P.PH. This character as consonant, belongs to the labial sound, and possesses two distinct articulations : by the first P, it is joined to the character, of which it is a reinforcement; by the second, it is joined to the characterbecome consonant and pronounced.

As symbolic image it represents the month of man, whose most beautiful attribute it depicts, that of uttering his thoughts. As grammatical sign, it is that of speech, and of that which is related thereunto. The Hebrew does not employ it as article; tut everything proves that many of the Egyptians used it in this way and thus confounded it with its analogue, by a peculiar affectation of the pronunciation. Perhaps also a certain dialect admitted it at the head of words as emphatic article in place of the relation: this appears all the more probable, since in Hebrew, a fairly large quantity of words exist where it remains such, as I shall remark in my notes.
Its arithmetical number is 80.

PHA. That which is the most apparent of a thing, the part which first strikes the sight.
The face of things in general; in a more restricted sense, the mouth, the beak; that of which one speaks with emphasis, that which is made noticeable.
In Arabic this root displays its force inmouth, and into speak. The verbcharacterizes literally, thai which opens, separates, as the mouth.
(comp.) Every kind of ornament, glory, palms. See

PHB. Rooi not used in Hebrew nor in Arabic.

PHG. That which extends afar, which wan­ders, is extended, loses its strength, its heat.
The Arabichas nearly the same sense. As noun, it is every kind ofcrudeness, unripeness; as verb, it is the action of separating, opening, disjoining, etc.
Action of being cool, freezing; of losing movement.

PHD. Every idea of enlargement, liberation, redemption. The Arabicsignifies to raise the voice, to show one’s self generous, magnificent, arrogant.
The meaning of the Hebraic root is found in the compoundwhich signifies literally to deliver.
PHEH. This root is the analogue of the root ; but in Hebrew particularly, it emphasizes the thing that one wishes to distinguish in time or in a fixed place; as in that very place, right here, this, that, these.
In a literal sense, mouth, breath, voice, in a figurative sense, speech, eloquence, oratorical inspiration: that which presents an opening, as the mouth; which constitutes part of a thing, as a mouthful; which follows a mode, a course, as speech.
The Arabichas in general, the same sense as the Hebrew.    

             .
PHOU. This root is the analogue of the roots and .: but its expression is more onomatopoetic in describing the breath which comes from the mouth.
The Arabicis not far removed from the radical sense of the Hebrew.
(comp.) Action of blowing. See•
(comp.) Action of hesitating. See
(comp.) Action of spreading, dispersing, melting. See.
(comp.) Action of being moved by an alternating movement. See
(comp.) That which bursts forth, shines out, appears. See.
(comp.) That which spreads abundantly, which overflows. See.

PHZ. That which throws flashes, gleams, rays: which is sharply reflected: thence,
Purest gold: keenest joy; a topaz.
The Arabiccharacterizes the movement of that which rises quickly, spurts up, leaps, struggles, etc.
Action of emitting sperm.

PHER. Everything which is drawD in. expanded, as the breath; all that which is unfolded in order to envelop and seize, as a net; thence,
Every idea of administration, administrator, state, government.
The Arabicconstitutes an onomatopoetic and idiomatic root whicn describes every kind of hissing of the voice, snoring, strong respiration, rattling. When this oot is strengthened in, it signifies literally, an ambush; a trap.
Action of inhaling, expiring; respiring, blowing; actionof inspiring, communicating one’s will, governing.
(comp.) Every idea of breath, of lightness, of unstable thing.
(comp.) A yawn, an hiatus, a hole.

PHT. An opening, a pit; a dilation; a prorogation given to something.
The Arabicsignifies literally,  to crumble: to rise, leap. From the latter word is formedwhich characterizes that which acts abruptly, with cruelty, etc.
Action of opening the mouth, yawning; figuratively, the action of crying, chattering, ranting, etc.

PHI. This root is the analogue of the two roots but its expression is more manifest.
A beak; the orifice of anything; the prominent part, an angle; a discourse, and particularly, a message.
The Arabicdeparts from  the   Hebraic root and instead of developing the primitivethe mouth, frqm the moral stand point; it develops it from the physical, characterizing that which is interior and opposed to the surface of things. The rootconceived abstractly, is represented by the adverbial relations, in, into, tdthin. As noun, it designates the shadowy part of the body, the umbra; as verb, it signifies to darken, to shade.
(comp.) Emu, disaster.
(comp.) Boot.

PHCH. Every distillation which comes from vapour suddenly condensed: a drop of water; metaphori­cally, a lens.
The Arabicsignifies literally to be dissolved.

PHL.The emphatic sign, united by contraction to the root, symbol of every elevation, constitutes a root which develops all ideas of distinction, privilege, choice, election, setting aside: thence,
Some thing wonderful, precious, which is considered a mystery: a miracle: a distinguished, privileged man whom one reveres; a noble, a magistrate; that which is set aside, hidden in all fruits, the germ; literally, a bean.
The Arabichas not preserved the moral ideas developed by the Hebrew. This root, inclining toward the physical sense, is limited to expressing that which is separated, extracted, drawn from another thing: that which is divided into distinct parts. In the modern idiom signifies literally to drive away.
(intens.) From the idea of noble and magistrate, springs that of dominion, power: thence, the action of judging others, rendering justice, governing, etc.

PHM. Root not used in Hebrew. The Chaldaic signifies mouth; the Arabic has exactly the same sense. As verb, is to hake bread, to cook; in general, that which is related to food for the mouth.

PUN. The face of anything whatsoever, the
front of a thing, that which is presented first to the view: that which strikes, astonishes, frightens: every idea of presence, conversion, consideration, observation, etc.
The aspect of a person, his countenance, face, mien, air, sad or serene, mild or irritated: action of turn­ing the face, expressed by the relations before, in the pres­ence of, from before, etc. Action causing the face to turn, expressed by beicare! no! lest! for fear of! etc. That which imposes by its aspect: a prince, a leader; a star, a ruby, a tower, etc. That which is the cause of disturbance, of hesitation. See•
The Arabichas evidently the same primitive idea which has produced the Hebraic root; but although start­ing from the same principle, its developments have been different; they have inclined rather toward the physical than toward the moral, as can be remarked in general, of other roots. Thus, from the primitive idea deduced from the exterior face which things present, from their manner of being phenomenal, the Arabic idiom has drawn the secondary ideas of complication and of complicating; of mixture and of mixing; of variety and of varying; of specification and of specifying; of classification and of classifying; so that finally, considering as general, what had been
particular, this same rootis used to designate an art, or a science of some sort, because it is bv means of arts and sciences that one can class all things and examine them under their aspects.

PHS. That which comprises only a portion of the circumference or totality of a thing.
A part, a face, a phase. Action of diminishing, of breaking into pieces.
The Arabicsignifies literally to examine minutely.

PHUH. Onomatopoetic root which depicts thecry of an animal with yawning jaws. Figuratively, a clamour; metaphorically, a diffusion.
The Arabiccharacterizes the call of the shepherds.
(comp.) Every kind of act, icork, action. See.
(comp.) Every kind of agitation, movement, impulse: literally, the feet. See.
(comp.) Every kind of augury, observation, phenomenon. See•
(comp.) Every kind of distention, relaxa­tion; action of depriving, stripping, making naked, etc. See•

PHTZ. Every idea of diffusion, loosening, setting forth, giving liberty. See,
The Arabicpresents the same sense in general. In a restricted sensesignifies to examine minutely, and to break the seal.

PHCQ. That which opens and shuts; which is stirred by an alternating movement back and forth; that which is intermittent, inquisitive, exploratory, etc.
The Arabichas in general the same ideas as the Hebrew. As verb, this root expresses particularly the ac­tion of releasing, opening, dilating, etc.
(intens.) Action of passing from one place to another, being carried here and there, going and coming; action of obstructing, standing in the wag, etc. Bee.

PHR. The emphatic sign replacing the sign of interior activityand united to that of movement proper. constitutes a root which develops all ideas of fructification, production, elementary generation.
Any progeny, any produce whatsoever; the young of any animal, particularly of the cow. That which is fertile. fecund, productive.
The Arabic. being applied principally to developing in the Hebraicthe idea which had relation to the young of a weak timid animal, has characterized the action of fleeing; the flight, the fear which makes one give way; also the growth of teeth, dentition; the examination that is made of the teeth of an animal to discover its age, its strength, its weakness, etc.
Action of producing, bearing.
That which vegetates, germinates, swarms: a seed, a flower.
Fruit; figuratively an effect, a consequence.
Onomatopoetic root which describes the noise of a thing which cleaves the air, or strikes it with a violent movement.
(comp.) Every abrupt movement which breaks, bruises.
(comp.) To rend a garment.
(comp.) That which breaks; that which di­vides in breaking.
(comp.) Action of breaking into many pieces; reducing to powder.
(comp.) That which tears, draws forcibly from a place, breaks the bonds, sets at liberty.
(comp.) Action of dispersing, divulging, ma­nifesting, specifying; action of piercing: metaphorically, a hunter, a horseman.
PHSH. Every idea of pride, vanity, extrava­gance; of inflation, literally as well as figuratively. That which seeks to extend, to put itself in evidence. See,
The Arabicis an onomatopoetic and idiomatic root which depicts the noise made by the air when escaping from the place where it has been confined, as when it comes from a bladder which has been pressed; thence, if one con­siders the bladder, the sense of letting out the air; if the air which escapes is considered, the same sense of doing a ihmg with vivacity, arrogance, passion, etc.

PHTH. Every idea of dilation, extending easi­ly, allowing to be penetrated, opened; every divisibility, every opening; space, extent: thence,
Space in general, or any space in particular; that which is indifferent in itself, impassive; metaphorically, a fop, a fool, a silly person, a simpleton: action of persuad­ing, deceiving; etc.
The Arabicpreserves the radical sense of the Hebrew, without having the same developments. As verb, it is the action of scattering, spreading here and there, tear­ing into small pieces, etc.