Z This character as consonant, belongs to the hissing sound, and is applied as onomatopoetic moans, to all hissing noises, to all objects which cleave the air. As symbol, it is represented by the javelin, dart, arrow; that which tends to an end: as grammatical sign, it is the de­monstrative sign, abstract image of the link which unites things. The Hebrew does not employ it as article; but in Ethiopic it fulfills the functions of the demonstrative article.
Its arithmetical number is 7.

ZA. Every idea of movement and of direction; noise, the terror which results therefrom: a dart; a lumin­ous ray; an arrow, a flash.
The Arabic indicates, as onomatopoetic root the state of being shaken in the air, the noise made by the thing shaken.
A wolf, on account of the luminous darts which flash from its eyes in the darkness.
Demonstrative relation expressed by this, that. See

ZB. The idea of reflected movement contained in the root united by contraction to that of all generating propagation, represented by the root, forms a root whose object is to depict every swarming, tumultuous movement, as that of insects; or every effervescent movement as that of water which is evaporated by fire.
The Arabicdevelops the same ideas as the Hebrew. As verb, this root expresses in the ancient idiom, the action of throwing out any excretion, as scum, slime, etc. In the modern idiom it signifies simply to be dried, in speaking of raisins.

Action of swarming as insects; of boiling, seething,

ZG. That which shows itself, acts exteriorly; such as the bark of a tree, the shell of an egg, etc.
The Arabicdesignates the buttend of a lance. As onomatopoetic rootcharacterizes a quick, easy move­ment;, the neighing of a horse.

ZD. That which causes effervescence, excites the evaporation of a thing; every idea of arrogance, pride.
Action of boiling. literally; of being swollen, puffed up with pride, figuratively, to act haughtily.

ZHE, ZOU, ZO. Every demonstrative, manitesting, radiant movement: every objectivity ex­pressed in an abstract sense by the pronominal relations this, that, these, those.
The Arabicexpresses the action of shedding light, of shining.
This, that.
That which is shown, appears, shines, reflects the light; in an abstract sense, an object.
(comp.) Gold, on account of its innate brightness.
(comp.) That which is loathsome.
(comp.) That which radiates communicates, manifests the light. See•
Absolute idea of objectivity; everything from which light is reflected.
(comp.) A prism; by extension, the angle of anything whatsoever.
(comp.) Action of diverging; by extension, wasting, neglecting. Sep.
(comp.) Corporeal objectivity. See .
(comp.) See•
(comp.) Every idea of dispersion. See.

ZZ. Every movement of vibration, reverberation; every luminous refraction.
The Arabicas onomatopoetic root develops the same ideas. The verb  denotes the conduct of an arrogant man.
Action of vibrating, being refracted as the light, shining.
Splendour, reflection of light, luminous bright­ness.
ZFI. Every difficult movement made with effort; that which is done laboriously; a presumptuous, tenacious spirit.
The Arabicdevelops the same ideas. The verb expresses in general a vehement action of any nature whatsoever; in particular to rain in torrents.

ZT. Root not used in Hebrew’. The Arabic is an onomatopoetic root w’hich depicts the noise made by insects when flying.
(comp.) That which is difficult to put in movement, slow in being determined. That w’hich drags, creeps; w’hich is heavy, timid, etc.

ZI. Root analogous to roots;   but whose sense is less abstract and more manifest. It is in general, that which is light, easy, agreeable; that which is sweet, gracious; that w’hich shines and is reflected as light. Every idea of grace, of brightness.
The Arabicdevelops in general, all ideas which have relation w’ith the intrinsic qualities of things. As nouncharacterizes the form, aspect, manner of being; as verbexpresses the action of assuming an aspect, of being clothed in form, of having quality, etc.

In Clialdaic, splendour, glory, majesty, joy, beauty: in Hebrew it is the name of the first month of spring.
(comp.) An animal; that is to say, a being w hich reflects the light of life. See>
(comp.) An armour: that is to say a resplendent body. The Arabicsignifies to adorn.
(comp.) A flash of lightning, a quick, rapid flame, p spark etc.
(comp.) An olive tree, the olive and the oil which it produces; that is to say, the luminous essence.

ZCH. The demonstrative sign united by con­traction to the root> symbol of all restriction and exception, constitutes an expressive root whose purpose is to give the idea of that which has been pruned, cleaned, purged, disencumbered of all that might defile.
Every purification, every refining test; that which is clean, innocent, etc.
The Arabiccontains the same ideas. As noun
designates that which is pure, pious; as verb,charac­terizes the state of that which abounds in virtues, in good works.

ZL. The demonstrative sign united to the root , symbol of every elevation, of every direction upward, forms a root whence are developed all ideas of elongation, prolongation; consequently, of attenuation, weakness; also of prodigality, looseness, baseness, etc.
Action of wasting, profaning, relaxing; of rend­ering base, weak, feeble, etc.
In a restricted sense the Arabic verbsignifies to stumble, to make false steps.ZJI. That which gives form, figure; that which binds many parts together to form a whole.
The Arabic p contains the same ideas. As onomato­poetic and idiomatic root, it is in the Arabica dull noise, a rumbling.
A system, a composition, a scheme: every work of the understanding, good or bad: a plot, a conspiracy, etc.

ZN. The demonstrative sign united to the root
, symbol of the moral or physical circumscription of the being, constitutes a root which develops two distinct meanings according as they are considered as mind or matter. From the view point of mind, it is a moral manifestation which makes the faculties of the being understood and determines the kind; from that of matter, it is a physical manifestation which delivers the body and abandons it to pleasure. Thence:
Every classification by sort and by kind accord­ing to the faculties: every pleasure of the body for its nourishment: figuratively, all lewdness, fornication, debauchery: a prostitute, o place of prostitution, etc.
The Arabicexpresses a sort of suspension of opinion in things of divers natures. As onomatopoetic root, describes a murmuring.
Action of being nourished, feeding the body; or metaphorically the action of enjoying, making abuse, prostituting one’s self.

ZS. lioot not used in Hebrew nor in Arabic.

ZH. This root, which is only the root, inclined toward the material sense, develops the idea of painful movement, of agitation, anxiety; of trouble caused by fear of the future.In a restricted sense the Arabic signifies to act like a fox, to use round about ways.
Action of being troubled, fearful, trembling in expectation of misfortune. Action of being tormented, disquieted.
Trouble, agitation of mind, fatigue; that which is the consequence, sweat.
(comp.) Violent and general agitation; that w’hich results, foam: figuratively, rage indignation.
(comp.) Tumult of irascible passions; tempest, storm; eic.
(comp.) Great visible commotion: outburst of voices, clamour, loud calling.
(comp.) Ebbing, waning: diminution, exiguity; that which is slender, moderate, small.

ZPH. That which is sticky, gluey; that which exercises a mutual action; literally, pitch. It is, in the Arabic, an onomatopoetic root which denotes the effect of a puff of wind. The verb expresses the action of being carried away by the w’ind.
Action of being attached, of experiencing a mutual, reciprocal sentiment.

ZTZ. Root not used in Hebrew nor in Arabic.

ZCQ. Every idea of diffusion in time or space.
The Arabicas onomatopoetic root denotes the action of pecking.
A chain, suite, flux; a draught of anything whatsoever. That which spreads, glides, flows in space or time. Thence, years, old age, and the veneration which is at­tached to it: water and the purity which ensues: a chain and the strength which attends it; an arrow, etc.In a restricted sense, the Arabicsignifies a leather bottle wherein one puts any kind of liquid. It is doubtless the Hebrew wordor the Chaldaic, a sack.

ZR. The demonstrative sign united to that of movement proper, symbol of the straight line, constitutes a root which develops the idea of that which goes from the centre, spreads, disperses in every sense, radiates, leaves a sphere, or any enclosure whatsoever and becomes foreign.
Every dispersion, dissemination, ventilation: that which is abandoned to its own movement, which goes from the centre, diverges: in a broad sense, a stranger, an adversary, a barbarian: in a more restricted sense, a fringe, a girdle.
The Arabichaving lost all the primitive ideas contained in this root, has preserved only those which are attached to the word girdle and is restricted to signifying the action of girding, tying a knot, binding, etc.
Action of being disseminated, separated from the centre, abandoned to its own impulsion; considered as estranged, alienated, scorned, treated as enemy; action of sneezing, etc.

ZSH. Root not used in Hebrew. The Arabic signifies a lout, a boorish fellow; lacking manners and politeness.

ZTH. Every objective representation expressed by the pronominal relations this, that, these, those.
This, that.